Cajon Valley Union School District public meetings in 2022
35 substantive meetings from 2022, with official agendas or minutes and plain-English summaries.
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission held its regular meeting, taking several routine actions. It approved the agenda, minutes, the 2021-22 annual report, and the 2023 meeting schedule. The commission also reappointed Paul Stephens to a new term and elected officers for 2023.
- Reappointment of Paul Stephens as CSEA appointee for term through Nov 30, 2025
- Election of Chair and Vice Chair for 2023
- Approval of 2023 meeting dates (monthly, 5:00 p.m., District Board Room)
- Approval of Annual Report 2021-22
- Executive session for performance evaluation of Director-Classified Personnel
Annual Organizational Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board held its annual organizational meeting, electing officers for 2023 and appointing the superintendent as secretary. The board also conducted closed-session expulsion hearings for four students, held a public hearing on energy storage projects at five schools, and approved the administrative hearing panel's recommendations in those discipline matters.
- Elected Jim Miller as Board President, Karen Clark-Mejia as Vice President, and Jo Alegria as Clerk for 2023
- Public hearing on energy conservation measures: proposed battery storage systems at Cajon Valley MS, Emerald MS, Greenfield MS, Montgomery MS, and Naranca ES
- Approved recommendations of Administrative Hearing Panel in four student discipline matters (AH# 01-04)
- First reading of Board Policy 4119.2, 4219.2, 4319.2 on Legal Issues and Process
- Adopted 2023 Governing Board Committee Assignments
Special Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board is holding a special meeting, primarily to adjourn into closed session to discuss public employee discipline/dismissal/release, anticipated litigation (one potential case), and a COVID-19 matter. The agenda includes procedural items such as call to order, pledge of allegiance, adoption of the agenda, and public participation. No reportable action is expected from closed session, and the meeting will adjourn at its conclusion.
- Closed session: Public Employee Discipline/Dismissal/Release (Education Code 54957)
- Closed session: Conference with legal counsel - anticipated litigation (one potential case)
- Closed session: COVID-19 (Government Code 54956.5)
- Public comments must be emailed to [email protected] by 1:00 PM on 12/2/22
- Board adopted the agenda (motion carried, 3 ayes, 1 not present)
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board will hold closed session for expulsion hearings, legal and labor negotiations, then reconvene publicly to vote on two student discipline matters and a consent agenda. The consent agenda includes ratification of personnel items, warrants, wire transfers, and purchase orders totaling over $22 million, plus approval of overnight field trips and a committee assignment.
- Expulsion hearings for two students (AH# 01 and AH# 02) with recommendations for board approval
- Ratify commercial warrants totaling $2,594,420.41 and payroll warrants of $13,404,743.72
- Wire transfer of $1,874,030.65 for VEBA medical premiums
- Purchase orders totaling $4,698,119.34 in General Fund and $562,760.00 in Capital Facilities
- Overnight field trips to Catalina Island Marine Institute for Cajon Valley and Montgomery Middle Schools
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission is meeting to approve personnel actions, including creating a new Health Technician classification and reclassifying a paraeducator position. The commission will also hear reports on vacancies, recruitment, and a district-wide classification study. All action items were approved unanimously.
- Approved new Health Technician classification with salary at Range 17
- Approved reclassification of employee #387009 to Augmentative and Alternative Communication Paraeducator (Range 18), effective July 1, 2022
- Approved minutes from September 22, 2022 regular meeting
- Discussion on vacancies, recruitments, and eligibility lists
- Update on Phase Two of classification and compensation study
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board will hold a closed session for labor negotiations, COVID-19, and anticipated litigation, then reconvene publicly. In open session, they will hear a presentation on counseling services and discuss board member travel, followed by approval of a consent agenda that includes personnel actions, warrants, purchase orders, and consultant agreements.
- Approve consultant agreements totaling $143,013, including $116,256 for Five for Nine (549) Sports coaching and $21,000 for CSBA policy workshop
- Ratify warrants and wire transfers including $2,073,385.02 in General Fund commercial warrants and $1,873,858.00 VEBA medical premium wire transfer
- Approve new Health Technician position with $6,000 fiscal impact, salary range 17, pending Personnel Commission review
- Approve agreement with Maryville University for clinical education and fieldwork for speech and language pathology students
- Closed session items: labor negotiations with CSEA, CVEA, CVSA; COVID-19; one anticipated litigation case
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board is holding a regular meeting with a closed session for labor negotiations, COVID-19 discussion, and anticipated litigation. In open session, the board will consider consent items including warrants, wire transfers, purchase orders totaling over $2.2 million, and consultant agreements totaling $19,572. Action items include resolutions to compensate board members for missed meetings and acceptance of the quarterly Williams Settlement report.
- Ratify warrants and wire transfers: $2,219,272.88 (General Fund), $13,215,299.97 (payroll), $187,977.98 (VEBA medical premiums)
- Approve purchase orders: $2,331,799.18 (General Fund), $160,500 (Capital Facilities)
- Approve consultant agreements totaling $19,572, including Imagine Learning ($15,000) and CORE ($825)
- Adopt resolutions to compensate Board Members Jo Alegria and Jill Barto for missed September 27, 2022 meeting
- Accept Quarterly Williams Settlement Uniform Complaint Report (Jul–Sep 2022)
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board will hold public hearings on dedicating an easement to SDG&E for electric vehicle charging stations at Johnson Elementary School and on the sufficiency of textbooks for 2022-2023. The board will also discuss board member travel and conferences, and vote on a consent agenda that includes personnel items, warrants, purchase orders, and the sale of surplus vehicles.
- Public hearing on dedicating an easement to SDG&E at Johnson Elementary School for EV charging stations
- Public hearing on sufficiency of textbooks/instructional materials for 2022-2023
- Ratify warrants and wire transfers totaling over $4.4 million for September 1-14, 2022
- Approve purchase orders totaling over $3 million for September 1-15, 2022
- Approve list of teachers assigned to teach outside credential areas at various schools
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission will vote on several personnel actions, including creating a new School Administrative Assistant Lead position and approving a comprehensive classification and compensation study's Phase 1A and 1B recommendations. These changes affect dozens of job titles, salary ranges, and classifications for classified staff. The commission will also consider reorganizing job classification families and approve minutes from the previous meeting.
- Approve new School Administrative Assistant Lead classification at salary Range 32
- Approve classification and compensation study Phase 1A & 1B, effective October 1, 2022
- Approve job classification family reorganization with updated titles and ranges
- Approve minutes of August 25, 2022 regular meeting
- Receive update on vacancies, recruitments, and personnel activity
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board will hold a closed session for litigation and personnel matters, then reconvene publicly to adopt the agenda and approve a consent agenda. The consent agenda includes routine items such as meeting minutes, personnel recommendations, warrants and purchase orders, new IT manager positions, and consultant agreements totaling $250,095. The board will also hear public comments and report out on closed session actions.
- Approve consultant agreements totaling $250,095, including New Bridge School ($90,000) and Brain Learning Psychological Corporation ($90,000)
- Ratify warrants and wire transfers: commercial warrants $2,748,132.57, payroll warrants $14,476,927.62, wire transfer $197,268.00
- Approve new positions: Manager, Network Services and Manager, Information Services
- Closed session: litigation in Jilanne D. Barto v David Miyashiro, et al. (Case 19CV2261) and Cajon Valley USD v. Jilanne D. Barto (Case 37-2019-00066058)
- Public comment limited to 3 minutes per speaker, 20 minutes per agenda item
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission will hold a regular meeting to discuss vacancies, recruitments, and a classification study, and to vote on creating two new management positions: Manager, Information Services and Manager, Network Services. The meeting is largely procedural, with routine agenda adoption, public comment, and reports.
- Approve new classification Manager, Information Services at salary Range 05
- Approve new classification Manager, Network Services at salary Range 05
- Update on district-wide classification and compensation study
- Report on vacancies, recruitments, and eligibility lists
- Approve minutes of June 23, 2022 regular meeting
Special Joint Meeting of the Governing Board and Personnel Commission
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board and Personnel Commission are meeting jointly to receive an update on a district-wide classification and compensation study. The study, which began in June 2021 and runs through December 2024, addresses wage adjustments needed due to minimum wage increases and will review all classified positions. The board also adopted the agenda and will adjourn to closed session.
- Update on classification and compensation study by EH&A (MGT), started June 15, 2021, final phase December 2024
- Wage adjustments for classified positions due to minimum wage increase
- Adoption of agenda (motion carried, 4-0)
- Public comments limited to 3 minutes per speaker
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board is meeting to handle routine business, including closed-session personnel and student readmission matters, and a consent agenda with financial approvals. The board also adopted the 2023 meeting schedule and approved a resolution regarding board member compensation.
- Renew Bid 1562 for Office and Classroom Supplies with School Specialty, Inc. for $475,000
- Ratify warrants, wire transfers, and purchase orders totaling over $8 million
- Approve agreement with Chicago School of Professional Psychology for fieldwork
- Adopt 2023 Board Meeting Schedule (2nd and 4th Tuesdays)
- Approve student readmission recommendation (RH# 02)
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board held a regular meeting on August 9, 2022, taking action on several items. The board approved a resolution to issue up to $25.8 million in General Obligation Refunding Bonds, which is expected to save taxpayers approximately $1.86 million. It also approved a $696,758.25 purchase of modular restroom buildings from Centralia School District, funded by the Building Fund. The board also approved a consent agenda including personnel items, warrants, purchase orders, and travel, and discussed the 2023 board meeting schedule.
- Approved resolution for 2022 General Obligation Refunding Bonds up to $25,800,000, estimated $1.86M taxpayer savings
- Approved $696,758.25 for modular restroom buildings from Centralia School District
- Approved consent agenda including warrants totaling $2,304,362.59 (commercial) and $4,759,412.45 (payroll)
- Approved variable term waiver for teacher Joselin Guido-Gonzalez
- Discussed draft 2023 board meeting schedule (2nd and 4th Tuesdays)
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board held a regular meeting with closed session items including a student readmission hearing, public employee appointments, COVID-19 discussion, and anticipated litigation. In open session, the board voted to approve the readmission recommendation for Student 2022/2023 - RH# 01 (with one no vote) and adopted the consent agenda, which included ratification of personnel items, warrants, wire transfers, purchase orders, and the quarterly Williams Settlement report. The meeting was largely procedural, with no major policy changes or public hearings on substantive matters.
- Approved readmission of Student 2022/2023 - RH# 01 (4-1, Jill Barto no)
- Ratified commercial warrants totaling $5,415,211.79 (General Fund) and payroll warrants of $12,902,716.68
- Approved wire transfers including $1,970,080.78 for VEBA medical premiums
- Approved purchase orders for 2022/2023 totaling $7,664,962.24 (General Fund)
- Accepted Quarterly Williams Settlement Uniform Complaint Report (Apr-Jun 2022) with no complaints
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board held a regular meeting, discussing the Universal Preschool/Transitional Kindergarten plan and California Local Indicators, and taking action on several items. The student readmission matter was tabled to the next meeting, while consent items including personnel, warrants, and purchase orders were approved. The board also approved a Golden Bell application and a provisional internship permit.
- Approved UPK/UTK plan for fall 2022 rollout
- Tabled student readmission RH# 04 to next meeting
- Ratified warrants totaling $2,667,153.14 (General Fund)
- Approved purchase orders including $585,873.98 (2022/2023 General Fund)
- Approved Provisional Internship Permit for Tennille Edwards
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission is meeting to discuss vacancies, recruitment, and a classification study, and to vote on creating a new Registered Nurse (RN) classified position. The commission will also consider approving meeting minutes and revising the 2022 meeting schedule. The agenda includes public comment and reports from staff and union representatives.
- Approve new Registered Nurse (RN) - Classified job description at salary Range 46
- Approve minutes of May 26, 2022 regular meeting (motion failed)
- Approve revised 2022 meeting dates, cancel July meeting, change November date
- Update on district-wide classification and compensation study
- Status of vacancies, recruitments, and eligibility lists
Regular Board Meeting
The Board is conducting public hearings regarding the 2022-2023 Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP) and proposed annual budgets for both the District and Bostonia Global Charter School. The meeting also includes closed session discussions regarding existing litigation, anticipated litigation, and various personnel contracts.
- Public hearing for 2022-2023 Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP)
- Public hearing for 2022-2023 Proposed Adopted Budgets for CVUSD and Bostonia Global Charter School
- Closed session discussion regarding litigation: Cajon Valley Union School District v. Jilanne D. Barto
- Ratification of warrants and wire transfers totaling $1,806,830.15 for the General Fund
- Closed session review of Superintendent and Assistant Superintendent contracts
Regular Board Meeting
The Board will discuss the impact of Governor Newsom's May State Budget revision on the district. The meeting also includes a discussion regarding a cease and desist letter received from CSEA.
- Discussion of Governor's May Revise budget proposal
- Discussion of CSEA complaint and District response
- Ratification of payroll warrants totaling $12,540,138.27
- Approval of $6,710.00 in donations for the CVUSD Family Closet
- Closed session discussion regarding existing litigation (Case No. 37-2019-00066058-CU-MC-CT)
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission is meeting to conduct a public hearing and vote on the proposed budget for the 2022-2023 year. The agenda also includes updates on district-wide classification and compensation studies, as well as reports on current vacancies and recruitments.
- Public hearing for second reading of the 2022-2023 Personnel Commission Budget
- Action item to adopt the 2022-2023 Personnel Commission Budget
- Update on district-wide classification and compensation study
- Report on current vacancies, recruitments, and eligibility lists
- Approval of April 28, 2022, meeting minutes
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board held a regular meeting on May 10, 2022, starting with a closed session for legal and personnel matters, then moving to open session. The Board approved two student discipline recommendations, adopted the consent agenda, and disclosed initial bargaining proposals for 2022-2023 with three employee unions, with public hearings scheduled for May 31, 2022.
- Approved student discipline recommendations for AH# 03 and AH# 04 (one dissenting vote on AH# 04)
- Disclosed 2022-2023 bargaining proposals with CVEA, CSEA Chapter 179, and CVSA; public hearings set for May 31, 2022
- Ratified warrants and wire transfers totaling over $16 million for April 7-27, 2022
- Closed session included discussion of superintendent and assistant superintendent contracts, and 12 assistant principal appointments
- Recognized Safety Patrol winners and TEDxKids@ElCajon speakers
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission will hold a regular in-person meeting to approve prior meeting minutes, receive updates on vacancies, recruitments, and the district-wide classification and compensation study, and discuss the proposed 2022-2023 budget in a first reading. The meeting is largely informational and procedural, with no major decisions expected beyond adopting the agenda and minutes.
- Approve minutes from February 24 and March 24, 2022 regular meetings
- First reading of 2022-2023 Personnel Commission budget; public hearing set for May 26, 2022 at 5:05 p.m.
- Update on vacancies, recruitments, and eligibility lists
- Update on district-wide classification and compensation study
- TEDx event on April 30, 2022 at The Magnolia; Classified Employee Appreciation Week May 15-20
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board is holding a public hearing and considering adoption of increased school facility impact fees on new residential and commercial development, following a State Allocation Board action. The board will also handle routine consent items including personnel, warrants, purchase orders, and travel approvals. The meeting includes a closed session for public employee appointments, COVID-19 discussion, and anticipated litigation.
- Public hearing on school facility fees: proposed increase to $2.97/sq ft residential and $0.48/sq ft commercial (CVUSD share)
- Ratify warrants and wire transfers totaling over $16.4 million for period March 17-April 6, 2022
- Approve purchase orders exceeding $3,000 across funds, including $2.9M General Fund
- Approve reclassification criteria for English Learners at Bostonia Global High School
- Accept Quarterly Williams Settlement Uniform Complaint Report (Jan-Mar 2022) - no complaints received
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board will hold a regular meeting with a closed session for personnel, legal, and COVID-19 matters, followed by an open session. The board will vote on a consent agenda that includes approving minutes, personnel items, warrants and purchase orders, consultant agreements, and renewals for after-school programs and university partnerships.
- Ratify warrants and wire transfers totaling $2,302,101.46 (General Fund) and $1,345,466.14 (Child Nutrition), plus purchase orders of $4,638,322.87 (General Fund)
- Approve consultant agreements totaling $94,277.20, including $70,000 for SDCOE broadband services and $19,800 for Real Matters Unity Day Program
- Approve agreement with University of West Florida for student teacher placements
- Renew agreement with Concordia University for school counseling fieldwork
- Renew After School Education & Safety Program contract with SDCOE for up to $2,589,023.45 in grant revenue
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission will review current job vacancies, recruitment statuses, and eligibility lists. The meeting also includes an update on the district-wide classification and compensation study.
- Approval of February 24, 2022, meeting minutes
- Update on district-wide classification and compensation study
- Report on vacancies, recruitments, and personnel activity
- Discussion regarding the Personnel Commission budget
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board met to approve a student readmission matter and several routine consent items. The meeting included the ratification of consultant agreements totaling $44,625 and the approval of various district expenditures.
- Approved recommendations for Student Readmission Matter RH# 03
- Authorized $35,000 to extend 6 Crickets After-School Enrichment Program contract through June 9, 2022
- Approved $925 for BSN Sports, LLC FitnessGram Software professional learning
- Approved $5,000 for EG&A Associates security services through June 2022
- Approved $3,700 for Connect4Kids Psychological Services evaluations
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission is meeting in person to handle routine personnel matters. They will vote on approving the January 27, 2022 meeting minutes and a revised job description for the Media & Communications Specialist, which removes the phrase 'including Governing Board meetings.' The commission will also receive updates on vacancies, recruitments, a new classification request, and a district-wide classification study.
- Approved revised job description for Media & Communications Specialist, removing 'including Governing Board meetings'
- Approved minutes from January 27, 2022 regular meeting
- Discussion of request for new Board Certified Behavior Analyst (BCBA) or similar supervisory position
- Update on district-wide classification and compensation study
- Discussion of 2022 Merit Academy registration
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board is meeting to hear a mid-year update on the Local Control and Accountability Plan (LCAP) and vote on a consent agenda that includes personnel, travel, field trips, and consultant agreements. The board will also hold a closed session for labor negotiations, employee discipline, and potential litigation. The meeting is in-person with a livestream option.
- Approve/ratify consultant agreements totaling $509,461, including a $232,000 amendment for four additional EV charging stations (revised contract total $488,300)
- Approve overnight field trips: Crest students to San Diego Metro KOA (Mar 30-Apr 1) and on-site (Feb 24-25), Montgomery Middle to Catalina Island (Mar 18-20, $350/student)
- Hear LCAP Supplemental Report & Mid-Year Update 2021-2022 presentation
- Ratify personnel recommendations and approve travel/conference requests
- Closed session: labor negotiations with CSEA, CVEA, CVSA; one potential litigation case
Special Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Board met virtually to update district policies regarding COVID-19. The Board approved revisions to the COVID-19 Mitigation Plan and passed resolutions concerning vaccination mandates and student mask requirements.
- Adopted updated Board Policy 0470 - COVID-19 Mitigation Plan
- Adopted resolution for authority to hold virtual meetings pursuant to AB 361
- Adopted 'Keep Schools Open and Safe' resolution regarding vaccination mandates and SB 871
- Adopted resolution supporting a safe phase out of mask requirements for students
- Closed session conference with labor negotiators for CSEA, CVEA, and CVSA
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board will hold a regular meeting with a closed session for personnel, COVID-19, and anticipated litigation matters. In open session, the board will receive an update on the Governor's 2022-23 budget proposal and its impact on the district. The board will also vote on a consent agenda that includes ratification of personnel items, approval of warrants and purchase orders, consultant agreements totaling $139,604, and an overnight field trip for middle school students.
- Governor's budget update for 2022-23 and its impact on district budget
- Ratify warrants, wire transfers, and purchase orders totaling over $15 million
- Approve consultant agreements totaling $139,604, including $52,300 for CSM Consulting and $40,000 for After School Unlimited
- Approve overnight field trip to YMCA Camp Surf for 180 seventh-graders from Los Coches Creek Middle School
- Closed session items: public employee discipline, COVID-19, and anticipated litigation (one potential case)
Personnel Commission Regular Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Personnel Commission held a regular meeting on January 27, 2022, in El Cajon, CA. The commission approved the minutes from the December 16, 2021 meeting, created a new Media & Communications Specialist classification at salary Range 45, and reclassified a Mental Health Clinician I to Mental Health Clinician II. They also received reports on vacancies, recruitments, and personnel activity, and discussed attending a professional conference.
- Approved new Media & Communications Specialist classification at salary Range 45
- Reclassified employee #642028 from Mental Health Clinician I (Range 40) to Mental Health Clinician II (Range 46), effective January 1, 2022
- Approved minutes of December 16, 2021 regular meeting
- Discussed vacancies, recruitments, and eligibility lists
- Noted IPMA-HR conference May 1-4, 2022 in Anaheim, CA, registration $495
Board Workshop
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board is holding a workshop to discuss extended learning opportunities and educational workforce redesign, as presented by Superintendent David Miyashiro. The agenda is mostly procedural, covering meeting logistics, public participation rules, and adoption of the agenda, which was approved unanimously.
- Discussion of Extended Learning Opportunities/Educational Workforce Redesign
- Adoption of agenda (motion carried unanimously)
- Public participation rules: 3-minute speaker limit, 20-minute total per item
- In-person meeting at 750 E. Main Street, El Cajon, with live stream available
Regular Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board is meeting in person at 750 E. Main Street, El Cajon. The main discussion item is a presentation from the Learning Environment Task Force (LETF). The board will also vote on a consent agenda covering routine items like minutes, personnel, donations, and financial reports.
- Learning Environment Task Force recommendation presented for discussion
- Accept gifts and donations totaling $16,110.00, including $5,000 cash from Cooperative Educational Services and $9,110 in musical instruments from Hillsdale Parent Association
- Ratify warrants, wire transfers, and purchase orders, including $12,212,480.50 in payroll warrants and $1,892,223.22 in VEBA medical premium wire transfer
- Approve sale of surplus property via auction or E-Waste recycler
- Approve agreement with SDCOE for Designated Subjects Credential Program
Special Board Meeting
The Cajon Valley Union School District Governing Board held a special meeting to approve a schedule change for the cancelled January 11 regular meeting and to adopt a resolution allowing virtual meetings under AB 361. Both items were approved unanimously.
- Approved rescheduling the cancelled 1/11/22 Regular Board Meeting to January 18, 2022
- Adopted resolution to continue virtual meeting authority under AB 361
- Meeting held in Boardroom at 750 E. Main Street, El Cajon, CA 92020
Regular Board Meeting
The January 11, 2022 regular board meeting of the Cajon Valley Union School District was canceled because a quorum was not present. A special meeting will be scheduled for a new date. The agenda included items for closed session, a Learning Environment Task Force recommendation, and consent items such as personnel, gifts, and financial approvals, but none were acted upon.
- Meeting canceled due to lack of quorum
- Closed session items: COVID-19 and anticipated litigation
- Learning Environment Task Force recommendation (discussion item)
- Gifts and donations totaling $16,110.00
- Warrants, wire transfers, and purchase orders for ratification